Ocular Pharmacology Made Easy

Which of the following statments concerning ocular effects of systemic drugs is FALSE?
1. Cardiac glycosides cause color vision changes
2. Chloroquine causes deposits referred to as "bull's eye"
3. Chronic steriod use leads to cataracts in the majority of patients
4. Contraceptives are associated with contact lens intolerance
Beta antagonists...
1. constrict bronchi
2. increase heart rate
3. increase blood pressure
4. interfere with far vision
Cholinergic drugs...
1. increase heart rate
2. decrease bladder activity
3. increase sweating and tearing
4. dilate bronchi
Anticholinergic drugs...
1. cause bradycardia
2. increase bowel (large intestine) activity
3. increase body temperture in children particularly on hot days
4. constrict bronchi
Which of the following drugs will not cause an attack of narrow angle glaucoma in patients with narrow angle ?
1. Phenyleprine
2. Timolol
3. Atropine
4. Tropicamide
Which of the following statments is FALSE ?
1. Pyrimethamine inhibits protouoal folic acid synthesis
2. Acanthamoeba keratitis can be treated with polymyxin B and neomycin
3. Protozoal infections are often caused by contact with dirty water
4. Erythromycin inhibits fungal DNA systhesis
Which of the following "drug - mechanism of action" pairs is mismatched (FALSE) ?
1. Natamycin - interference with ergosterol synthesis
2. Itraconazole - inhibition of fungal DNA synthesis
3. Fluconazole - disturbance of cellular ergosterol formation
4. 5-Flucytosine - incorporation into fungal RNA inhibiting protein synthesis
Which of the following statments concerning fungi is FALSE ?
1. Fungi infect the eye predominantly in older patients
2. The cell membrane contains ergosterol molecules
3. Fungi are more pathogenic to plants than to humans
4. An ocular injury carries an increased risk of fungal infection
Which of the following statments is FALSE ?
1. Viral infections occur mostly in immune compromised patients
2. Valacyclovir is metabolized to acyclovir by the host
3. Foscarnet inhibits viral carbohydrate synthesis
4. Zidovudine and ganciclovir can cause bone marrow depression
Which of the following statements concerning antiviral drugs is FALSE?
1. Vidarabine is effective against herpes simplex I and II
2. Trifluridine and idoxuridine can cause corneal damage
3. Acyclovir loses effectiveness when viruses lose their kinase enzyme
4. Zidovudine interferes with viral protein synthesis
Which of the following statements concerning antiviral drugs is FALSE?
1. Vidarabine is triphosphorylated by host kinases
2. Acyclovir is monophosphorylated by viral and twice phosphorylated by host cell kinases
3. Saquinavir inhibits proteases
4. Trifluridine is directly DNA toxic without metabolic conversion
Which of the following statements concerning viruses is FALSE?
1. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA but not both
2. Most eye infections are caused by herpes simplex
3. Viruses need the host cell metabolism for multiplication
4. Only high dose antiviral therapy completely eradicates viral infections
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. Neomycin carries a high risk of allergic reactions
2. Antibiotics should not be given simultaneously with steroids
3. Erythromicin is used for ophthalmia neonatorum
4. Sulfanomids are bacteriostatic drugs
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. Chloramphenicol has been associated with aplastic anemia
2. Amoxicillin is affective against staphylococcus and streptococcus
3. Silver nitrate destroys bacterial DNA
4. Polymyxin B is indicated in the treatment of blepharitis caused by pseudomonas
Which of the following statments concerning antibacterial drugs is FALSE ?
1. Penicilin affects mostly gram(-) bacteria.
2. Clavulanic acid inhibits bacterial lactamases.
3. Penicillins cause few side effects but increased incidence of allergic reactions.
4. Tetracyclines and quinolines should not be taken with food.
Which of the following drug class - drug pairs is mismached ? (false)
1. Penicillins - cephalexin
2. Cephalosporins - ceftriaxone
3. Quinolines - ciprofloxacin
4. Sulfonamides - sulfisoxazole
Which of the following drug - "mechanism of action" pairs is mismached ? (false)
1. Sulfonamids - folic acid synthesis inhibition
2. Quinolones - inhibition of DNA formation
3. Tetracyclines - protein synthesis inhibition
4. Macrolides - inhibition of RNA synthesis
Which of the following drug - "mechanism of action" pairs is mismached ? (false)
1. Penicillin - inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
2. Bacitracin - inhibition of outer membrane
3. Aminoglycosides - protein synthesis inhibition
4. Polymyxin B - inhibition of RNA synthesis
Which of the following statments concerning bacteria is FALSE ?
1. Gram(+) bacteria contain no outer membrane but a thick cell wall
2. The cell wall of bacteria contains peptidoglycan
3. The plasma cell membrane contains specific lipids ensuring homeostasis
4. The enzyme gyrase is crucial in protein synthesis
Which of the following statments concerning antibiotics is FALSE ?
1. Antibiotics affect bacteria and viruses but not fungi
2. Antibiotics show selective activity against certain bacteria
3. Penicillin contains a lactam ring possessing antibacterial activity
4. Superinfections following drug therapy usually occur after 1 to 2 week(s)
Which of the following pairs is mismatched ?
1. Skeletal muscles - adrenergic receptors
2. Pyridostigmine - stimulation of skeletal muscles
3. Botulinus toxin - inhibition of acetylcholine release
4. Botulinus toxin - used to treat blepharospasm
The extent of a pharmacological response to a drug is determined by:
1. the number of receptors present
2. the number of receptors stimulated
3. the affinity of the drug molecules to the receptor
4. the location of the receptors in the body
Which of the following statements is CORRECT ?
1. Receptors are small areas on cellular carbohydrates
2. Receptor stimulation can result in electrolyte channel closings
3. Receptor stimulation can increase the concentration of second messengers
4. Antagonists activate inhibitory endogenous substances
Which of the following statements is CORRECT ?
1. Chronic administration of an agonist can up-regulate receptors
2. Pharmacodynamics determines mostly the duration of drug action
3. Down-regulation of a receptor population increases the pharmacological response
4. Estimate of an adverse reaction should be based on probability and not possibility
Which of the following statements is FALSE ?
1. Hydrophilic compounds stay mostly in the tear film
2. Lipophilic componds will tend to stay up in the tear film
3. Hydrophili/Lipophilic compounds best penetrate into the eye
4. Compounds which penetrate the eye do so by active transport mechanisms
A drug applied to the eye:
1. penetrates mostly through the conjunctiva into the eye
2. will leave the eye mostly via retinal blood supply
3. can be absorbed by pigments in the iris and retarded in its action
4. will distribute equally between the anterior and posterior part of the eye
After a drug has exited the eye it:
1. is excreted by the kidney if lipophilic
2. is metabolized by the liver if hydrophili
3. is metabolized by P 450 enzymes in phase I reactions
4. will be converted to more lipophilic metabolites if hydrophilic
Which of the following statements concerning topical drug applictaion is CORRECT ?
1. Large drops deliver more drug into the eye than small drops do
2. Drugs in solution have a faster onset of action than drugs in ointments
3. Multiple drug applications should be given in 1 min intervals
4. Local anestehtics can retard the penetration of some drugs into the eye
Which of the following statements concerning therapy is CORRECT ?
1. A small fraction of a topical drug will escape through the puncta
2. Highly toxic drugs can be used if the benefit outweighs the risk
3. Pharmacokinetic parameters determine mostly the specific pharmacological action
4. Geriatric patients should usally be started with 2 times the adult dose
Which of the following statements is CORRECT ?
1. Fluorescin injected into a vein will quickly penetrate into the eye
2. Topical fluorescin accumulates in the corneal epithelial cells
3. An ocular allergic reaction increases with the concentration of the allergen
4. Many ocular adverse drug reactions disappear after cessation (ending) of drug use
Which of the following statements concerning the iris and its receptors is FALSE ?
1. Alpha receptor stimulation causes mydriasis
2. Alpha receptor stimulation contracts the radial or dilator muscle
3. Muscarinic receptor stimulation constricts the sphincter muscle
4. Muscarinic receptor stimulation causes cycloplegia
Which of the following pairs is mismatched ?
1. Alpha receptor agonist - phenylephrine
2. Muscarinic receptor agonist - pilocarpine
3. Alpha receptor antagonist - cyclopentolate
4. Muscarinic receptor antagonist - tropicamide
Which of the following pairs mismatched?
1. Thymoxamine - miosis
2. Anticholinergic drugs - mydriasis
3. Atropine - cycloplegia
4. Anticholinesterases - mydriasis
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
1. Horner's syndrome - diagnosis with diluted epinephrine
2. Adie's pupil - diagnosis with diluted pilocarpine
3. Breaking of synechia - use of pilocarpine
4. Uveitis - therapy with physostigmine
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
1. Hydroxyamphetamine causes response in Horner's syndrome - loss of 3rd neuron
2. Muscarinic agonists - decrease in night vision
3. Cocaine - blockade of norepinephrine uptake
4. Topical pilocarpine - ciliary body spasm in young adults
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. Trauma or injury induces the enzyme COX I
2. Large doses of atropine can increase body temperature
3. Atropine has a longer recovery time than cyclopentolate
4. Mydriatic drugs can precipitate a narrow angle glaucoma attack in eyes with narrow angle
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. Latanoprost stimulates alpha and beta receptors
2. Echothiophate irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
3. Muscarinic agonists can cause bronchoconstriction
4. Beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. Muscarinic agonists can cause bradycardia
2. Muscarinic antagonists cause both mydriasis and cycloplegia
3. Certain antihistamines and antidepressant drugs can also stimulate muscarinic receptors
4. Muscarinic antagonists cause increased cardiac responses in individual's with Down's syndrome
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
1. Timolol - reduction in ocular fluid inflow
2. Pilocarpine - increase in trabecular fluid outflow
3. Latanoprost - increase in uveal fluid outflow
4. Dorzolamide - increase in trabecular fluid outflow
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
1. Apraclondine - reduction in ocular fluid inflow
2. Carteolol - increase in trabecular fluid outflow
3. Atropine - increase in IOP in open angle glaucoma
4. Brinzolamide - inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
Which of the following statements concerning blood vessels is FALSE ?
1. Alpha receptor stimulation causes vessel constriction
2. Prostaglandin receptor stimulation causes vessel constriction
3. Steroid receptor activation causes vessel constriction
4. Histamine H1 receptor stimulation causes vessel dilation
Which of the following pairs is mismatched ?
1. Oxymetazoline - alpha receptor antagonist
2. Ketorolac - COX I and II inhibitor
3. Dexamethasone - formation of lipoxygenase inhibitor lipotropin
4. Levocabastine - competitive blockade of H1 receptors
Which of the following statements concerning blood vessels is FALSE ?
1. Ocular blanching solutions also cause mydriasis
2. Allergic reactions Type I involve histamine
3. Allergic reactions type IV involve sensitzed T cells
4. Cromolyn prevents release of histamine from mast cells
Which of the following pairs is mismatched ?
1. Prednisolone - used only in type IV allergic reactions
2. Ketorolac - used to reduce allergic itching
3. Olopatadine - used only in type I allergic reactions
4. Isosorbide - used in angle closure glaucoma
Which of the following pairs is mismatched ?
1. Steroids - suppression of immune system
2. Steroids - increase in IOP
3. Alpha agonists - cataracts
4. Antihistamines - contact lens intolerance
Which of the following statements is FALSE ?
1. Cromolyn has an onset of action of 2-4 weeks
2. Chronic steroids use needs to be taperd at end of therapy
3. Steroids prevent fibroplast formation during healing
4. Celecoxib inhibits mostly COX I
Which of the following statements concerning nerves is FALSE ?
1. Local anestehtic receptors are located in sodium channels
2. Prostaglandins initiate pain impulses
3. Local anesthetics block potassium channels
4. Influx of sodium initiates a nerve impulse
Which of the following pairs concerning local anesthetics is mismatched (FALSE) ?
1. Charged form - penetration into nerve
2. Proparacaine - ester type drug
3. Ester type and amide type drugs show little cross allergenic activity
4. Injection of large amounts can cause CNS and cardiac problems
Which of the following pairs is mismatched (FALSE) ?
1. Local anesthetics - weak acids
2. Lidocaine - amide type drug
3. Ketorolac - reduction of prostaglandine synthesis
4. Morphine - inhibition of central pain impulse propagation
Which of the following statements concerning glands is FALSE ?
1. Muscarinic receptors stimulate lacrimal gland secretion
2. Antimuscarinic drugs reduce tear formation
3. Some beta blockers increase tear formation
4. Anticholinesterases increase tear formation

Ocular Pharmacology Made Easy - Vogel / Schultz

Bsc PCO/SHFA Quiz